The Goodman Initiative - Illegal Immigration (pre-state)

Israel Lens: The Many Faces of Israel

Natalie Blitt — Tue, 24 Apr 2012 15:48:10 +0000

The Israel Lens is a unique method of looking at photographs as entry points into understanding Israeli history and culture. This session primarily uses photographs of people of Israel who came from various countries and periods in history and is an excellent program for a photography specialty.

Curriculum Themes:

Materials Required:

Program Duration:

1 hour

Physical Space:

Indoor Space

Number of Campers:

Age of Campers:

Core Learnings:

Immigration to Israel has taken place in many waves over time with several different groups of people including: a) Illegal immigration to Palestine before the creation of the Jewish State b) Immigration of Yemenite Jews c) Immigration of Ethiopian Jews d) Immigration of Soviet and Post-Soviet Jews e) Immigration from the B'nei Menashe community in India f) Immigration from North America

We can learn about the stories and emotions of these immigrants through pictures of their travels and arrival in Israel

Explanation:

Part One: Setting the Stage

Ask your campers about their own relationship to photographs:
- Do they like taking pictures?
- Do they find that photographs properly "tell" the story of what happened?
- Have they had the experience of someone seeing one of their pictures and seeing things in the photograph that they as the photographer hadn't seen?

Part Two: Honorable Discharge

Split campers in small groups of 10-12. Show them the photograph Honorable Discharge.
Ask the campers to take a few minutes to write down 10 observations about the photograph: 5 objective observations and 5 subjective observations.
Explain that an objective observation is something that doesn’t change from person to person –- it is something you can all agree on. For example, there are two men in the photograph, the photograph is in black and white, etc.
Explain that a subjective observation is an opinion, a feeling, or an interpretation based on what you see. Such as, “it reminds me of the time I did x”, or, “I think that man might feel sad,” or “I think he looks poor.”
Ask for the campers to share their observations -- be sure to point out when someone makes a subjective observation instead of an objective one.
Next, have the campers share their subjective observations. Ask the campers: What do you think the photographer was trying to capture with this photograph? Why? What do you think this picture is actually of – what historic event is it actually documenting?
Explain that the photograph was taken by an Israeli photographer named Zion Ozeri and share with the campers the title and story of the photograph:

Honorable Discharge, Ben-Gurion Airport, Israel, 1992

Look at the expression on this man's face. How would you describe it -- fear, sadness, confusion, joy? He has just arrived in Israel from the former Soviet Union. Under communism, Soviet Jews were not allowed to practice their religion openly and were often denied the right to immigrate to the U.S. or Israel. But after Gorbachev (the Soviet president) opened the doors to emigration in 1989, hundreds of thousands of Jews from the former Soviet Union flocked to Israel, with the help of Jews around the world.

These immigrants often arrived with very little and faced many challenges in their new homes. But the man in this picture had brought something very precious with him: the military medals he wears with pride. They serve as a reminder of his previous life, of the risks he took fighting for his country. They might not mean much in his new life in Israel, but these medals clearly have a very personal significance to him.

The photographer, Zion Ozeri, explains: "I call it honorable discharge. He was obviously discharged from the Russian army. And many Jews, by the way, either sacrificed their lives or fought heroically during World War II... I always look for the image that would define the moment. I sort of saw it in his face... You see the flag, you see EL-AL, and that look."

Ask the campers:
- Have you ever heard of the phrase, “A picture’s worth a thousand words?” When someone uses that phrase, what do you think they mean?
- Do you see how Zion Ozeri constructed this photograph to tell a powerful story?
Note: The idea that we are trying to reveal is that photographs or other primary sources are less important as objective fact pieces, and more important as vehicles for stories and connection. Every photograph is created with a certain degree of intention: the photographer picked the angles, set-up, subjects, and finally, to release the photograph. As a viewer, we see the photographs through the lens of our own experiences with the elements in the photograph.

Part Three: Photographs from Around the World, in Israel

Pin or post the photographs provided and divide the campers in small groups of 2-3 people. (With younger kids, you may want to do this in a slightly larger group with a staff person).
Have the groups go around and all look at the photographs, deciding together which one they want to choose. Once they make their choice, have them sit for a while with their picture and talk about the subjective/ objective elements. What do they see in the photograph? What attracted them to it? When do they think it took place? Who do they think is in the photograph?
Pass out the explanation sheets for each photograph and have each group read it together and discuss it. What do they now see in the picture?
Bring the group back together with a staff person/educator. Have each group present their photograph, explaining what they learned both from the information sheet and from their observations. The staff person should also present a photograph if there's one that hasn't been talked about.
As a group, discuss:
- Have you ever moved from one home to another? Did you need to leave your community?
- Do you have family stories about people needing to move?
- Almost all people who moved to Israel had to learn a new language and get used to a new culture, even a new way of dressing. What do you think that was like? What would you think was the hardest part?
- Do you imagine it would be harder to do it as a young person, an adult, or an old person?

Variations:

Variations in Format:

If your campers have already done the subjective/objective exercise, you can try another introduction to the photographs, or just refer to that program before starting with the new pictures.
If you are doing this activity through a photography class at camp, there are many follow-up activities that you can create, including having campers:
- Take self portraits
- Take pictures of Israeli symbols or elements of camp and bring them back to discuss
If you have a camp newspaper, you can also ask campers to find people at camp who've had to move from one place to another, especially one country to another. This could even include Israelis who had to "move" to the United States for camp -- what challenges did they face? What do they think about people who made the big move to settle in a new country?

Supporting Images:

Supporting Materials:

Israel-Lens-Many-Faces.pdf

Curricular Subjects:

Attribution:

Zion Ozeri

When Would You Step In to Help?

Natalie Blitt — Wed, 21 Mar 2012 15:14:39 +0000

In 1948, more than 4,000 volunteers from 56 different countries walked out of their every day lives to help Israel during the War of Independence. This session will allow campers to hear some of their stories and to examine the question: when would you step in? It's ideal for an after-hours bunk activity, a Shabbat discussion slot, or as a rainy day substitution.

Curriculum Themes:

Creation & Rebirth

Materials Required:

Program Duration:

Physical Space:

Number of Campers:

Age of Campers:

Core Learnings:

Israel declared Independence on May 14, 1948, almost six months after the United Nations passed the "partition plan" to create an Arab and a Jewish State in Palestine.

Israel fought and won its War of Independence declared by its Arab neighbors after they rejected the Partition Plan.

Over 4,000 Jewish Volunteers from outside Israel came to fight and aid in Israel's War of Independence.

Explanation:

Stage 1: The Trigger Story

Introduce the video:
- Give your campers a brief history leading up to Israel's War of Independence (provided).
- Over the past couple decades, a group called Toldot Yisrael has been interviewing thousands of people who participated in Israel's founding. While these people are all over 80 now, when they got involved, many of them were no older than your campers.
- The 15 minute clip they are about to see is centered around the experiences of six people who got involved during Israel's founding moments. What is remarkable about these people is that they didn't start out in Israel and they did not wind up there because they had no place to go. While the War of Independence was fought primarily by people who had made aliyah -- moved to Israel -- either before the Holocaust or after the Holocaust, more than 4,000 of the people who came to help Israel in this fight came from overseas. They left the security of good homes and good jobs, college and their families, because they felt an urgent need to help.
- As they watch this clip, encourage them to keep track of the different motivations that these people had for leaving their lives to go to Israel's aid. What made them do it? How did they help?
Watch the video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=kxzEGSmgYl4

Stage 2: Discussing the film

Begin the discussion with the following comment by former Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin when he dedicated the Israeli memorial to the volunteers who came to fight during Israel's founding:
- "You came to us when we needed you most, during those difficult, uncertain days in our War of Independence. You gave us not only your experience, but your lives as well. The people of Israel and the State of Israel will never forget, and will always cherish, this unique contribution made by you -- the volunteers of Machal."
Here are some conversation starters for your group:
- Do you understand why Prime Minister Rabin said that?
- How did the different interviewees help?
- What did they risk to do it?
- Why do you think the volunteers were inspired to help?
- Did you relate to any of the volunteers’ stories? Did they remind you of anyone you know?
- What surprised you about the video?
- Do you think you, or people you know, would act in a similar situation?

Stage 3: When would you step in to help?

The discussion should now move into an area that is more personally relevant to the campers: issues of responsibility in their own lives. Feel free during the discussion to bring up examples from the video as well.
Essentially, the issues in the video come down to the question: “Who are we responsible for?” Within this question are other questions: What does it mean to be responsible? Who is responsible for us? How do we fulfill our responsibilities?
Ask your campers: When you hear the word ‘responsible,’ is there a person who comes to mind? Do you have a story to share about them?
- How do the characters in the video understand who they are responsible for?
- How do they act on their sense of responsibility?
- How do you decide for whom you are responsible?

Variations:

Variations in format

This activity could be done in a large group for the movie, and then broken up in smaller groups for the discussions.
If you can't do this activity with the video, ask a few staff people to take on the roles of the people in the video and introduce themselves and their decision to come help, what they wound up doing to help during the war.
If your camp has a regular video activity or a camp newspaper, this discussion can be brought in to that space as well. Have campers go out and interview others -- campers, counselors, Israelis, and staff (both Jewish and not-Jewish) and pose these questions:
- Who are you responsible for?
- How far would you go if you were called on to act?

Background Cards:

Curricular Subjects:

Attribution:

Ask Big Questions

Battleship: 1948

Carl Schrag — Thu, 23 Feb 2012 14:00:08 +0000

Campers use boats to re-enact the "illegal" immigration of Jews to pre-State Israel in the 1930s and 1940s. As they try to evade "British officers" (staff) and reach the Promised Land, they will gain understanding of the obstacles faced by early pioneers who wanted nothing more than to settle Palestine and help create the Jewish state.

Curriculum Themes:

A People’s Hope

Materials Required:

Program Duration:

Physical Space:

Number of Campers:

A Division/Age Group (30 – 50 campers)

Age of Campers:

Core Learnings:

People were willing to take great risks to get to Israel

Before the State of Israel was established, Jews had no safe haven in times of need

Explanation:

If the activity begins at the Low Ropes Course, the Ropes staff, along with the GE, engages the group in team-building activities, while explaining the importance of collaboration in tough situations. Concepts of leaving no one behind and working for the greater good are stressed. These activities can last 15-30 minutes.

After the Ropes activity (or as the start of the activity, if you are not using a Ropes Course), campers hear a very brief introduction to Aliyah Bet, or "illegal" Jewish immigration to Palestine, in which would-be pioneers tried to evade the British blockade of Palestine. The GE provides a brief introduction to prepare the campers for the video clip they are about to watch.

Staff then screen a brief excerpt from Exodus, in which the Jews have escaped from detention and boarded boats, but they are stopped by the British under the command of Captain Sutherland. A brief discussion ensues, with opportunities for campers to gain understanding of why the British banned immigration, and why the Jews were determined to circumvent the ban.

Questions can include:

What other choices did Holocaust survivors have?
How do you think the games you played at the Ropes Course relate to the challenge that faced Holocaust survivors who wanted to get to Palestine?
Do you think the survivors acted heroically, rashly, or...?

Campers then head to the lakefront, where each individual is given a small bag of snacks and a printed instruction sheet. In addition to mapping out the route they are to take, the instruction sheet tells them that when they reach the shore, they will be greeted by Jews who already live in Palestine.

Campers are told they are Holocaust survivors and they are about to try to break the British blockade. Staff divides campers into groups and assigns them to rowboats and kayaks. Their instruction sheet gives them a route and a mission that they must complete before returning to shore. Along the route, staff in boats can taunt the campers but not capture or detain them. When campers approach the shore on their return, they are ambushed by staff members who direct them to a "detention center." They may attack the Zionists with water balloons, use a bullhorn, or other props.

On shore, campers are divided into small groups, each led by one British officer/staff member. The British officers then "interrogate" each camper individually, asking them to state why they should be allowed to enter Israel. The GE may offer a prize for the best/most creative/most compelling responses. After all campers have been interrogated, the British officers announce who will be allowed into Israel. Then everyone moves to a shady spot for a debriefing of the activity.

Variations:

Beginning at the Low Ropes course makes this activity take 90 minutes. It can be closer to 60 minutes if it begins with a brief introduction to the video clip.

The video clip from Exodus can be replaced with other video resources, including from Toldot Yisrael, or with a dramatic presentation by staff members who role play characters trying to get to Palestine and British soldiers trying to block them.

While the activity will be similar whether the campers are 13 or 16, the discussions can go deeper with older campers.

Younger campers will focus more on the emotional impact of the activity
Older campers can be encouraged to delve into the then-and-now comparisons between 1947 and today.

Background Cards:

Curricular Subjects:

Illegal Immigration (pre-state)